190d
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Paul - English - US
Susan - English - US
Dave - English - US
Elizabeth - English - UK
Kenneth - English - US
Simon - English - UK
Zira - English - US
David - English - US
Allison - English - US
Kate - English - UK
Steven - English - US
Crystal - English - US
Kate - English - US
Mike - English - US
Heather - English - US
Elizabeth - English - UK
Amalia - Portuguese - Portugal
Annika - Swedish - Sweden
Artemis - Greek - Greece
Bernard - French - France
Diego - Spanish - Argentina
Esperanza - Spanish - Mexico
Francisca - Spanish - Chile
Gabriela - Portuguese - Brasil
Jordi - Catalan - Catalonia
Jorge - Spanish - Mexico
Juan - Spanish - Mexico
Juliette - French - France
LinLin - Chinese - China
Montserrat - Catalan - Catalonia
Paola - Italian - Italy
Roberto - Italian - Italy
Saskia - Dutch - Netherlands
Stefan - German - Germany
Ludoviko - Italian - Italy
Felipe - Portuguese - Brasil
Fernanda - Portuguese - Brasil
Afroditi - Greek - Greece
Olga - Russian - Russia
Carlos - Spanish - Mexico
Soledad - Spanish - Mexico
Ricardo - Portuguese - Brasil
Afroditi - Greek - Greece
Amalia - Portuguese - Brasil
Annika - Swedish - Sweden
Artemis - Greek - Greece
Bernard - French - France
Diego - Spanish - Argentina
Esperanza - Spanish - Mexico
Francisca - Spanish - Chile
Gabriela - Portuguese - Brasil
Jordi - Spanish - Spain
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190d
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Saurabh Sharma Tohar Phone Ayel Hai Pikeup Your Own Phonest 1. Saurabh Sharma 2. Tohar Phone 3. Ayel Hai 4. Pikeup Your Own Phonest 5. Phone Call 6. Ringtone Blaring 7. Missed Calls 8. Text Messages 9. Voicemails 10. Notification Sound 11. Incoming Call 12. Screen Lit Up 13. Contact List 14. Dialing Numbers 15. Answering Machine 16. Phone Charger 17. Battery Low 18. Signal Strength 19. Data Usage 20. Wi-Fi Connection 21. Bluetooth Enabled 22. Camera App 23. Music Playlist 24. Alarm Clock 25. Calendar Events 26. Social Media Apps 27. Email Inbox 28. Video Call 29. Photo Gallery 30. Lock Screen 31. App Updates 32. Phone Settings 33. Silent Mode 34. Speakerphone 35. Call History 36. Call Waiting 37. Call Forwarding 38. Conference Call 39. Emergency Contacts 40. Contact Photo 41. Phone Case 42. Memory Storage 43. Speed Dial 44. QWERTY Keyboard 45. Slide to Unlock 46. Texting Abbreviations 47. Touch Screen 48. App Store 49. Mobile Gaming 50. Backing Up Data 51. SIM Card 52. Ringtone Customization 53. Phone Wallpaper 54. Privacy Settings 55. Do Not Disturb Mode 56. Phone Accessories 57. Contact Syncing 58. Phone Book 59. Phone Plan 60. Phone Number Display 61. GPS Navigation 62. Weather Updates 63. Voice Commands 64. Video Playback 65. Music Streaming 66. Volume Controls 67. Phone Etiquette 68. Virtual Assistant 69. Phone Notifications 70. Phone Call Log 71. Phone Directory 72. Phone Update 73. Phone Network 74. Phone Balance 75. Phone Functionality 76. Phone Camera 77. Phone Features 78. Phone Connectivity 79. Phone Unlocking 80. Phone Security 81. Phone Protection 82. Phone Insurance 83. Phone Repair 84. Phone Memory 85. Phone Troubleshooting 86. Phone Maintenance 87. Phone Operating System 88. Phone Integration 89. Phone Upgrade 90. Phone Performance 91. Phone Interface 92. Phone Technology 93. Phone Brand 94. Phone Model 95. Phone Manufacturer 96. Phone User 97. Phone Usage 98. Phone Battery Life 99. Phone Storage 100. Phone Display 101. Phone Resolution 102. Phone Screen 103. Phone Processor 104. Phone System 105. Phone App 106. Phone Feature 107. Phone Configuration 108. Phone Capability 109. Phone Compatibility 110. Phone Synching 111. Phone Accessory 112. Phone Specification 113. Phone Quality 114. Phone Speed 115. Phone Connectivity 116. Phone Signal 117. Phone Network 118. Phone Connection 119. Phone Call 120. Phone Message 121. Phone Ringtone 122. Phone Vibration 123. Phone Alarm 124. Phone Calendar 125. Phone Reminder 126. Phone Note 127. Phone Contact 128. Phone Setting 129. Phone Volume 130. Phone Brightness 131. Phone Power 132. Phone Status 133. Phone Time 134. Phone Date 135. Phone Mode 136. Phone Flight 137. Phone Camera 138. Phone Video 139. Phone Music 140. Phone Gallery 141. Phone Display 142. Phone Notification 143. Phone Wallpaper 144. Phone Lock 145. Phone Unlock 146. Phone Call 147. Phone Answer 148. Phone Decline 149. Phone Hold 150. Phone End 151. Phone Speaker 152. Phone Microphone 153. Phone Earpiece 154. Phone Button 155. Phone Touchpad 156. Phone Keypad 157. Phone Screen 158. Phone Cover 159. Phone Case 160. Phone Charger 161. Phone Battery 162. Phone Memory 163. Phone Storage 164. Phone Capacity 165. Phone Processor 166. Phone Speed 167. Phone Camera 168. Phone Resolution 169. Phone Sensor 170. Phone Operating System 171. Phone App 172. Phone Game 173. Phone Music 174. Phone Video 175. Phone Message 176. Phone Email 177. Phone Contact 178. Phone Calendar 179. Phone Reminder 180. Phone Notes 181. Phone Settings 182. Phone Wi-Fi 183. Phone Bluetooth 184. Phone GPS 185. Phone NFC 186. Phone Data 187. Phone Signal 188. Phone Network 189. Phone Call 190. Phone Call Log 191. Phone Notifications 192. Phone Update 193. Phone Security 194. Phone Connect 195. Phone Pair 196. Phone Unlock 197. Phone Backup 198. Phone Restore 199. Phone Restart 200. Phone Shutdown
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First, I love learning about different industries and commodities, how they developed over time, often over millennia, shaping world markets and modern political economies (e.g. cotton, gold, salt, cod, petroleum). “The Fish” provides a fascinating introduction to the world of bananas, a fruit that every American today knows and most of whom love on their breakfast cereal or as a mid-day, nutritious snack. Only, as I learned, bananas aren’t actually a fruit and little more than a century ago they were far from common, but rather quite exotic, a true luxury, displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exposition to crowds of gawking onlookers as if it came from another planet. Indeed, according to the author, a banana in 1900 was as unusual to the average American as an African cucumber is today. There’s a lot about the very familiar banana that I never knew. For instance, Cohen explains that the banana tree is actually the world’s largest herb, and thus its offspring, the banana, are technically berries. Even more fascinating, bananas grow from rhizomes, not seeds. In other words, cut appendages continue to grow, replicating the original. As Cohen describes it: “When you look at a banana, you’re looking at every banana, an infinite regression. There are no mutts, only the first fruit of a particular species and billions of copies. Every banana is a clone, in other words, a replica of an ur-banana that weighed on its stalk the first morning of man.” Believe it or not, the story of the banana gets even crazier. If you’ve ever wondered why old black-and-white films joked about slipping on a banana peel even though the banana peel that you’ve long known doesn’t feel particularly slippery, that’s because we have completely different bananas today. In the early nineteenth century, Americans were introduced to the “Big Mike,” a variety of banana that went extinct in 1965. It was bigger, tastier and more robust than the bananas we have today, according to Cohen, and their peels were far more slippery. The bananas we eat today are known as “Cavendish,” their primary benefit being immunity to the Panama disease that wiped out the Big Mike. Again, because bananas are all exact genetic copies, they are highly susceptible to rapid eradication from disease. Second, I’m a sucker for a great rags-to-riches story. The tale of Samuel Zemurray delivers that in spades. He arrived in America in 1891, a penniless Jew from what today is Moldova, and settled in the Deep South. (It may surprise many Americans but the South was far more hospitable to Jews for most our history. For instance, Jefferson Davis had two Jews in his Cabinet; Lincoln had none.) While still in his teens Zemurray recognized a business opportunity where other only saw trash: the ripe bananas that Boston Fruit discarded along the rail line in Mobile, Alabama before shipping off to Chicago and other northern metropolitan destinations. Zemurray was a natural entrepreneur; he had no particular affinity for bananas, it was just the opportunity at hand. “If he had settled in Chicago,” Cohen writes, “it would have been beef; if Pittsburgh, steel; if L.A., movies.” Zemurray quickly turned one man’s trash into cash, renting a boxcar to carry the castoff bananas along the slow rail route through the South, selling his cargo to local merchants at each Podunk rail stop until either his inventory ran out or spoiled. From such humble beginnings did a great international trading company eventually take root, Cuyamel Fruit, named after the river separating Honduras and Guatemala, the heartland of banana growing. By 1925, Cuyamel Fruit Company, the creation of an upstart Jewish immigrant banana jobber, had emerged as a serious threat to United Fruit, the undisputed king of the industry, a company that was led by Boston’s best, the sons of Brahmins. The threat was not because of Cuyamel’s size. In most ways United Fruit still dominated its aggressive rival (i.e. United Fruit was harvesting 40 million bunches a year with 150,000 employees and working capital of $27m, compared to Cuyamel’s 8 million bunches, 10,000 employees and $3m in working capital). The threat was that Cuyamel was a better run business and more innovative, leading the way with selective pruning, drainage, silting, staking and overhead irrigation. “U.F. was a conglomerate, a collection of firms bought up and slapped together,” Cohen writes. Cuyamel, by contrast, was a well-oiled machine, vertically integrated and led from the front by Zemurray, the ultimate owner-manager-worker. Cuyamel’s success was certainly no accident. It was the product of hard work, an obsessed owner-operator who understood his business at a visceral level, a skill earned over decades of hard, unglamorous work. Zemurray adhered to his own, classically American immigrant code of conduct: “get up first, work harder, get your hands in the dirt and the blood in your eyes.” Cohen describes his commitment and ultimate advantage this way: “Zemurray worked in the fields beside his engineers, planters, and machete men. He was deep in the muck, sweat covered, swinging a blade. He helped map the plantations, plant the rhizomes, clear the weeds, lay the track…unlike most of his competitors, he understood every part of the business, from the executive suite where the stock was manipulated to the ripening room where the green fruit turned yellow…By the time he was forty, he had served in every position from fruit jobber to boss. He worked on the docks, on the ships and railroads, in the fields and warehouses. He had ridden the mules. He had managed the fruit and money, the mercenaries and government men. He understood the meaning of every change in the weather, the significance of every date on the calendar.” Indeed, dedicated immigrants like Sam Zemurray have made America great. There’s nothing wrong with doing grunt work. In fact, it’s essential. United Fruit bought out Cuyamel in the early days of the stock market crash of 1929, when the former had a market share of 54% to the latter’s 14%. United Fruit’s profit was some $45m and its stock price $108. By 1932, profit was down to $6m and the stock languished at $10.25. “The company was caught in a death spiral,” according to Cohen. By January 1933, Zemurray used his massive stake and proxy votes to take over the company, claiming “I realized that the greatest mistake the United Fruit management had made was to assume it could run its activities in many tropical countries from an office on the 10th floor of a Boston office building.” The immigrant with dirt under his nails and a rumbled jacket knew the business better than the Ivy Leaguers with manicures and pinstriped suits. Indeed, the fish (Cuyamel Fruit) was swallowing the whale (United Fruit). Zemurray would run the company until 1951, arguably the most successful years of its history. In 1950, the company cleared $66m in profit. By 1960, profits would fall to just $2m. United Fruit collapsed, eventually restructuring and reinventing itself as Chiquita Brands, based in Cincinnati. When Zemurray started in the industry at the turn of the century, bananas were curiosities, a sidebar trade, something for the rich. By the time he retired, bananas were part of the daily American fabric, the interests of the industry consistent with that of political leadership in Washington. Indeed, some of the most illustrious and powerful men in government had close connections to United Fruit during the Zemurray era: CIA director Allen Dulles (member of the board of directors), secretary of state John Foster Dulles (U.F. legal counsel at Sullivan & Cromwell), New Deal fixer Tom Corcoran (paid lobbyist), UN Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge (large shareholder), among others. By the 1950s, Cohen writes, “it was hard to tell where the government ended and the company began.” At its height, Cohen says, United Fruit was “as ubiquitous as Google and as feared as Halliburton.” For anyone interested in business history, American politics in Central America or the development of the global fruit industry, “The Fish that Ate the Whale” is a book to own and savor. Read less
How to Pronounce
First, I love learning about different industries and commodities, how they developed over time, often over millennia, shaping world markets and modern political economies (e.g. cotton, gold, salt, cod, petroleum). “The Fish” provides a fascinating introduction to the world of bananas, a fruit that every American today knows and most of whom love on their breakfast cereal or as a mid-day, nutritious snack. Only, as I learned, bananas aren’t actually a fruit and little more than a century ago they were far from common, but rather quite exotic, a true luxury, displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exposition to crowds of gawking onlookers as if it came from another planet. Indeed, according to the author, a banana in 1900 was as unusual to the average American as an African cucumber is today. There’s a lot about the very familiar banana that I never knew. For instance, Cohen explains that the banana tree is actually the world’s largest herb, and thus its offspring, the banana, are technically berries. Even more fascinating, bananas grow from rhizomes, not seeds. In other words, cut appendages continue to grow, replicating the original. As Cohen describes it: “When you look at a banana, you’re looking at every banana, an infinite regression. There are no mutts, only the first fruit of a particular species and billions of copies. Every banana is a clone, in other words, a replica of an ur-banana that weighed on its stalk the first morning of man.” Believe it or not, the story of the banana gets even crazier. If you’ve ever wondered why old black-and-white films joked about slipping on a banana peel even though the banana peel that you’ve long known doesn’t feel particularly slippery, that’s because we have completely different bananas today. In the early nineteenth century, Americans were introduced to the “Big Mike,” a variety of banana that went extinct in 1965. It was bigger, tastier and more robust than the bananas we have today, according to Cohen, and their peels were far more slippery. The bananas we eat today are known as “Cavendish,” their primary benefit being immunity to the Panama disease that wiped out the Big Mike. Again, because bananas are all exact genetic copies, they are highly susceptible to rapid eradication from disease. Second, I’m a sucker for a great rags-to-riches story. The tale of Samuel Zemurray delivers that in spades. He arrived in America in 1891, a penniless Jew from what today is Moldova, and settled in the Deep South. (It may surprise many Americans but the South was far more hospitable to Jews for most our history. For instance, Jefferson Davis had two Jews in his Cabinet; Lincoln had none.) While still in his teens Zemurray recognized a business opportunity where other only saw trash: the ripe bananas that Boston Fruit discarded along the rail line in Mobile, Alabama before shipping off to Chicago and other northern metropolitan destinations. Zemurray was a natural entrepreneur; he had no particular affinity for bananas, it was just the opportunity at hand. “If he had settled in Chicago,” Cohen writes, “it would have been beef; if Pittsburgh, steel; if L.A., movies.” Zemurray quickly turned one man’s trash into cash, renting a boxcar to carry the castoff bananas along the slow rail route through the South, selling his cargo to local merchants at each Podunk rail stop until either his inventory ran out or spoiled. From such humble beginnings did a great international trading company eventually take root, Cuyamel Fruit, named after the river separating Honduras and Guatemala, the heartland of banana growing. By 1925, Cuyamel Fruit Company, the creation of an upstart Jewish immigrant banana jobber, had emerged as a serious threat to United Fruit, the undisputed king of the industry, a company that was led by Boston’s best, the sons of Brahmins. The threat was not because of Cuyamel’s size. In most ways United Fruit still dominated its aggressive rival (i.e. United Fruit was harvesting 40 million bunches a year with 150,000 employees and working capital of $27m, compared to Cuyamel’s 8 million bunches, 10,000 employees and $3m in working capital). The threat was that Cuyamel was a better run business and more innovative, leading the way with selective pruning, drainage, silting, staking and overhead irrigation. “U.F. was a conglomerate, a collection of firms bought up and slapped together,” Cohen writes. Cuyamel, by contrast, was a well-oiled machine, vertically integrated and led from the front by Zemurray, the ultimate owner-manager-worker. Cuyamel’s success was certainly no accident. It was the product of hard work, an obsessed owner-operator who understood his business at a visceral level, a skill earned over decades of hard, unglamorous work. Zemurray adhered to his own, classically American immigrant code of conduct: “get up first, work harder, get your hands in the dirt and the blood in your eyes.” Cohen describes his commitment and ultimate advantage this way: “Zemurray worked in the fields beside his engineers, planters, and machete men. He was deep in the muck, sweat covered, swinging a blade. He helped map the plantations, plant the rhizomes, clear the weeds, lay the track…unlike most of his competitors, he understood every part of the business, from the executive suite where the stock was manipulated to the ripening room where the green fruit turned yellow…By the time he was forty, he had served in every position from fruit jobber to boss. He worked on the docks, on the ships and railroads, in the fields and warehouses. He had ridden the mules. He had managed the fruit and money, the mercenaries and government men. He understood the meaning of every change in the weather, the significance of every date on the calendar.” Indeed, dedicated immigrants like Sam Zemurray have made America great. There’s nothing wrong with doing grunt work. In fact, it’s essential. United Fruit bought out Cuyamel in the early days of the stock market crash of 1929, when the former had a market share of 54% to the latter’s 14%. United Fruit’s profit was some $45m and its stock price $108. By 1932, profit was down to $6m and the stock languished at $10.25. “The company was caught in a death spiral,” according to Cohen. By January 1933, Zemurray used his massive stake and proxy votes to take over the company, claiming “I realized that the greatest mistake the United Fruit management had made was to assume it could run its activities in many tropical countries from an office on the 10th floor of a Boston office building.” The immigrant with dirt under his nails and a rumbled jacket knew the business better than the Ivy Leaguers with manicures and pinstriped suits. Indeed, the fish (Cuyamel Fruit) was swallowing the whale (United Fruit). Zemurray would run the company until 1951, arguably the most successful years of its history. In 1950, the company cleared $66m in profit. By 1960, profits would fall to just $2m. United Fruit collapsed, eventually restructuring and reinventing itself as Chiquita Brands, based in Cincinnati. When Zemurray started in the industry at the turn of the century, bananas were curiosities, a sidebar trade, something for the rich. By the time he retired, bananas were part of the daily American fabric, the interests of the industry consistent with that of political leadership in Washington. Indeed, some of the most illustrious and powerful men in government had close connections to United Fruit during the Zemurray era: CIA director Allen Dulles (member of the board of directors), secretary of state John Foster Dulles (U.F. legal counsel at Sullivan & Cromwell), New Deal fixer Tom Corcoran (paid lobbyist), UN Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge (large shareholder), among others. By the 1950s, Cohen writes, “it was hard to tell where the government ended and the company began.” At its height, Cohen says, United Fruit was “as ubiquitous as Google and as feared as Halliburton.” For anyone interested in business history, American politics in Central America or the development of the global fruit industry, “The Fish that Ate the Whale” is a book to own and savor. Read less
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